CAMP DOS CABEZAS EDUCATION LOCATIONS Education topics covered during Camp Dos Cabezas are linked by location below: Chiricahua National Monument Massai Point and Sugarloaf Mountain Chiricahua Visitor Center Museum Bonita Canyon Campground Faraway Ranch Fort Bowie National Historic Site The Amerind Foundation Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park The Tombstone Epitaph Newspaper Fort Huachuca Historical Museum Coronado National Memorial San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area Pimeria Alta Historical Society Tubac Presidio State Historic Park Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail Tumacacori National Historical Park Mission San Xavier del Bac View a timeline of Southeast Arizona History and Camp Dos Cabezas Map. Chiricahua National Monument The eighteen-square-mile Chiricahua National Monument was established in 1924. It contains fantastic rock formations created by volcanic eruption 25 million years ago, which continue to be shaped by erosion. The Apache called it the "Land of Standing Up Rocks." White settlers called it the "Wonderland of Rocks." Massai Point and Sugarloaf Mountain Massai Point offers spectacular views of surrounding mountains and valleys, including Dos Cabezas, Cochise Head, Sugarloaf Mountain, and the Cochise Stronghold. It serves as a trailhead for adventures through the Heart of Rocks and Echo Canyon. Massai Point was named by settlers for a Chiricahua Apache warrior, but its name given by the Chiricahua is Yahdeshut (Point of Rocks). Sugarloaf Mountain, the highest point in the monument, serves as a fire lookout during late summer months. Faraway Ranch Swedish immigrants Emma and Neil Erickson settled in Bonita Canyon in 1888 (following Geronimo's surrender in 1886). Their daughter Lilian and her husband Ed Riggs operated Faraway Ranch as a guesthouse for tourists visiting the "Wonderland of Rocks," while seeking national park status. The historic site within the Chiricahua National Monument was operated through the late 1970s.   CONTACT Mail: 13063 E. Bonita Canyon Rd. Willcox, AZ 85643-9737 (Located 36 miles southeast of Willcox on Highway 186) 520-824-3560 ext. 302 Fax: 520-824-3421 www.nps.gov/chir Entrance fee: $5.00 per person Open year round Fort Bowie National Historic Site Fort Bowie was established at Apache Pass, the site of major conflict between the U.S. Army and Apache Indians. The site was important to Apaches because of its proximity to Apache Springs. In 1861 Lieutenant George Bascom attempted to arrest Chiricahua Chief Cochise using false charges, setting off a ten-year war. On July 15, 1862, Apaches attacked Brigadier General James Carleton and his Union Troops from California, who were called to join the Civil War. Carleton recommended building Fort Bowie. Though he was undefeated, Cochise agreed to peace and a reservation covering much of the Chiricahua homeland in 1872. The reservation was revoked following the death of Cochise and the fort served as a base of operation during the campain to arrest Geronimo. Following the Civil War, one quarter of all U.S. troops were employed in the campaign against Apaches in southern Arizona.   CONTACT Mail: 3203 South Old Fort Bowie Rd Bowie, AZ 85605 (Located southeast of Willcox off of Highway 186) 520-847-2500 www.nps.gov/fobo Free Open daily, 8:00am - 4:30pm (except Christmas) The Amerind Foundation The Amerind Foundation, a museum of American Indian art and archaeological research facility, was chartered in 1937 by William Shirley Fulton, who worked on archaeological excavations in the area. The Connecticut pioneer purchased the FF Ranch for the site of the museum near the Southern Pacific Railroad. The museum contains archaeological evidence from the region and the American continents, as well as works by Apache and Navajo artists. The foundation also exhibits artifacts from early Spanish missions and American Western period artists.   CONTACT 2100 N. Amerind Rd Dragoon, AZ 85609 Mail: PO Box 400 Dragoon, AZ 85609 520-586-3666 www.amerind.org Adults: $5; Seniors: $4; Youth 12 - 18: free October - May: open daily, 10am - 4pm June - September: Wed. - Sun., 10am - 4pm Closed on major holidays Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum The Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum is an Affiliate Program Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. The museum exhibits Bisbee's mining history and development as a diverse urban center on the frontier. Mining equipment is displayed outside the 1897 building that served as the headquarters for the Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Company.   CONTACT No. 5 Copper Queen Plaza Bisbee, AZ 85603 520-432-7071 www.bisbeemuseum.org Group rates: Adults: $3.00; Children: $1.00 Open daily, 10:00am - 4:00pm Muheim Heritage House (Optional Tour for Volunteers) The National Historic Site was built between 1898 and 1915 by Joseph M. Muheim, who emigrated from Switzerland in 1887. Muheim bought the Brewery Saloon in 1895, and invested in mines and real estate. He was co-founder of the Miners and Merchants Bank. The Muheim block included the Bisbee Stock Exchange and Edelweiss Restaurant. Muheim built the Pythian Castle and Philadelphia Hotel. Muheim Heritage House served as a residence until 1975 and opened as a museum in 1980.   CONTACT 207 Youngblood Hill Inquire at: Bisbee Mining and Historical Museum No. 5 Copper Queen Plaza Bisbee, AZ 85603 520-432-7071 www.bisbeemuseum.org Fee required Open daily, 10:00am - 4:00pm Tombstone Courthouse State Historic Park On the National Register of Historic Places, the first Cochise County Courthouse was built in 1882 for $50,000. It closed in 1929 as Bisbee prospered and its population grew. The Tombstone Courthouse reopened as a museum in the 1950s. Exhibits include: Tombstone's mining and economic history; news coverage of labor issues; Western lore; ranching and environmental issues; and much more.   CONTACT 219 Toughnut St Tombstone, AZ 85638 Mail: PO Box 216 Tombstone, AZ 85638 520-457-3311 State Park Website Under 14: free; 14 and up: $4 ($3 Memorial Day - Labor Day) Open daily, 8:00am - 5:00pm (except Christmas day) The Tombstone Epitaph Newspaper The Tombstone Epitaph was first published by John Clum in 1880. It chronicled the events of the Arizona frontier and now still serves today as a journal of Western history. Tombstone's rival newspaper, the Tombstone Nugget, had an equally appropriate name in this frontier city and mining base, though it is the Epitaph that survives today. Pioneering Western photographer C.S. Fly published many of his famous photographs in the Tombstone Epitaph.   CONTACT 9 South 5th Street Tombstone, AZ 85638 Mail: PO Box 1880 Tombstone, AZ 85638 520-457-3456 Free Open daily, 9:30am - 5:00pm Fort Huachuca Historical Museum The Fort Huachuca Historical Museum reveals the story of frontier military life at the post established in 1877, including the Black troops called Buffalo Soldiers, who were employed in the Indian campaigns. Between 1870 and 1890, fourteen Black soldiers received Congressional Medals of Honor. The fort was made permanent in 1886 in the campaign against Geronimo. The museum is situated among historic buildings that date to 1880.   CONTACT Building 41401 Fort Huachuca, AZ 85613 (Located near Sierra Vista on Highway 90) 520-533-5736 Museum Website Free Open Mon - Fri, 9:00am - 4:00pm Sat and Sun, 1:00pm - 4:00pm Coronado National Memorial The Coronado National Memorial offers a museum and views overlooking the Rio San Pedro, where Francisco Vasquez de Coronado first entered the modern boundary of the United States in 1540. The expedition brought about centuries of conflict between Spanish colonists and American Indians, as Coronado searched for seven cities of gold. Nearly three years later he returned to Mexico to report that the legendary Cibola did not contain the riches of the Aztec Empire. The 5,000-acre memorial includes Coronado Peak, a 6,800-foot landmark on the U.S.-Mexico border, which towers over the history-lined San Pedro river valley.   CONTACT 4101 E. Montezuma Canyon Rd Hereford, AZ 85615 520-366-5515 Fax: 520-366-5705 www.nps.gov/coro Free Open year round, 9:00am - 5:00pm San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area The San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, managed by the Bureau of Land Management, contains a wealth of historic sites from Spanish colonial times through Arizona statehood. Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate was established in 1776 to protect Spanish land grants in the Pimeria Alta against Apache raids. As American interests in the region developed into a mining and cattle ranching empire, towns sprang up along a railroad line that paralleled the San Pedro river course. Efforts to preserve several ruins are underway.   CONTACT BLM Website Friends of San Pedro Pimeria Alta Historical Society (Option) In the former Nogales City Hall, the Pimeria Alta Historical Society operates a museum featuring the history of Spanish contact in the upper lands of the Pima Indians. Exhibits cover a myriad of topics related to southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico, including early commerce and transportation between the twin Nogales cities on the border. Though the land was rich in Prehispanic cultures, modern trade began at Nogales Pass in 1880 and railroad lines connected the U.S. and Mexico in 1882.   CONTACT 223 Grand Avenue Nogales, AZ 520-287-5402 Tubac Presidio State Historic Park El Presidio de Tubac was established by Spanish colonists following the Pima Revolt against Jesuit missionaries in 1751. The Spanish fort was built to protect Father Eusebio Francisco Kino's mission outposts Guevavi and Tumacacori. Juan Bautista de Anza served as the second commander of the fort before exploring a route to San Francisco in 1776. The presidio was relocated to Tucson in 1776. Tubac was abandoned in 1783 and 1830 because of Apache raids. A Mexican-American mining community flourished following the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Arizona's first newspaper, The Weekly Arizonian, was first printed in 1859. Tubac became an artists' community in 1948 when an art school opened, for which it remains a tourist attraction today. The original presidio was investigated by archaeologists in 1973 and the Center for Spanish Colonial Archaeology began excavations of El Presidio de Tubac Archaeological Park, a seventeen-acre site containing ruins of more than 50 buildings from Spanish and Mexican colonial periods. MORE ATTRACTIONS El Presidio de Tubac Archaeological Park Old Tubac Schoolhouse (c.1885) Otero Hall (c.1914) St Anne's Church Walking Tour of Tubac EVENTS Annual Anza Days Cultural Celebration (usually third weekend in October)   CONTACT Mail: PO Box 1296 Tubac, AZ 85646 (Located in Tubac, AZ) 520-398-2252 State Park Website Under 14: free; 14 and up: $3 ($2 Memorial Day - Labor Day) Open daily, 8:00am - 5:00pm (except Christmas day) Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail Juan Bautista de Anza established a route to San Francisco in 1776. The route originated from his command post at El Presidio de Tubac.   CONTACT 1891 E. Frontage Rd Tumacacori, AZ 85640 520-398-2341 www.nps.gov/juba Open daily, 8:00am - 5:00pm (except Thanksgiving and Christmas day) Tumacacori National Historical Park The Jesuit mission San Cayetano de Tumacacori was established by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino at a Pima (O'odham) settlement on the Rio Santa Cruz in 1691. Tumacacori served a Pima community near Kino's earlier Jesuit settlement of Guevavi. The mission was moved to its present site and named San Jose de Tumacacori in 1753. Franciscan Father Nacisco Gutierrez dedicated himself to raising the mission to the stature of San Xavier del Bac, south of Tucson. The present structure was in use between 1822 and 1848, when War with Mexico and Apache raids force Mexican and Indian settlers to abandon Tumacacori. American soldiers occupied the mission sporadically during the territorial period through the Mexican Revolution. The site was dedicated as a National Monument in 1908. EVENTS Fiesta Cultural Celebration (October) Traditional Mexican Days of the Dead (November 1 and 2) in the area   CONTACT 1891 E. Frontage Rd Tumacacori, AZ 85640 520-398-2341 www.nps.gov/tuma $3.00 per person Open daily, 8:00am - 5:00pm (except Thanksgiving and Christmas day) Mission San Xavier del Bac San Xavier del Bac was established by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in 1700. The mission was destroyed in 1751 during the Pima Revolt. The present Spanish Baroque structure was built between 1783 and 1797. Many have speculated about the unfinished right tower, which was never capped with a dome and cross (a similar phenomenon is found at Tumacacori). On the Tohono O'odham Reservation, San Xavier del Bac is an active church, with worshippers tolerating a steady stream of tourists. Restorations have taken place in 1906 and 1949, and the church facade is undergoing further restoration today.   CONTACT 1950 W. San Xavier Rd. Tucson, AZ 85746-7409 520-294-2624 www.sanxaviermission.org Free, donations appreciated Open daily, 8:00am - 5:00pm ADDITIONAL OPTIONS Kartchner Caverns State Park Considered one of the best caves in the world, Kartchner Caverns was discovered by cavers in 1974, reveled in 1978, and became an Arizona State Park in 1988. An 86,000 year old Shasta ground sloth, 34,000 year old horse, and 11,000 year old bear, are among many discoveries made in Kartchner Caverns.   CONTACT Mail: PO Box 1849 Benson, AZ 85602 (Located 9 miles south of Benson on Highway 90, take I-10 exit 302) 520-586-4100 (information) 520-586-CAVE (reservations) State Park Website Catalina State Park Catalina State Park in the Santa Catalina Mountains contains evidence of the prominent southern Arizona Hohokam culture, with habitation of the Romero Ruin believed to have taken place between 500 and 1,450. The Spanish encountered Papago tribes (Pima and Tohono O'odham) who are believed to be descendents of the Hohokam.   CONTACT Mail: PO Box 36986 Tucson, AZ 85740 (Located north of Tucson on Highway 77) 520-628-5798 State Park Website Camp Dos Cabezas Cultural Crossroads Youth Education Program Presented by Houston Institute for Culture Education Topics Education Sites Camp Locations History Timeline Contact: HOUSTON INSTITUTE FOR CULTURE at info@houstonculture.org.